Excel Cash Value Formula, Outlines, and Pivot tables
=PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])
=NPV(rate,value1,[value2],[...])
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])
The fv and type
arguments are optional arguments in the function (indicated by the square
brackets).
The fv argument is the future value or
cash balance that you want to have after making your last payment. If you omit
the fv argument, Excel assumes a future value of zero (0).
The type argument
indicates whether the payment is made at the beginning or end of the period:
Enter 0 (or omit the type argument) when the payment is made at the end of the
period and use 1 when it is made at the beginning of the period.
You can use the FV function to calculate the future value of
an investment, such as an IRA (Individual Retirement Account).
For example, suppose that you establish an IRA at age 43 and
will retire 22 years hence at age 65 and that you plan to make annual payments
into the IRA at the beginning of each year. If you assume a rate of return of
8.5 percent a year, you would enter the following FV function in your
worksheet:
=FV(8.5%,22,–1000,,1)
Excel then indicates that you can expect a future value of
$64,053.66 for your IRA when you retire at age 65. If you had established the
IRA a year prior and the account already has a present value of $1,085, you
would amend the FV function as follows:
=FV(8.5%,22,–1000,–1085,1)
In this case, Excel indicates that you can expect a future
value of $70,583.22 for your IRA at retirement.

You could
use an Automatic Outline for numeric data organized into specific
groups, just like in the following screen shot for a Sports Equipment Store
Expenditure:


To create
an Automatic Outline, follow these steps:
1. Click inside your data
2. Go to Data>Group and
Outline>AutoOutline