Excel Cash Value Formula, Outlines, and Pivot tables

=PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])
=NPV(rate,value1,[value2],[...])
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])

The fv and type arguments are optional arguments in the function (indicated by the square brackets).

 The fv argument is the future value or cash balance that you want to have after making your last payment. If you omit the fv argument, Excel assumes a future value of zero (0).

The type argument indicates whether the payment is made at the beginning or end of the period: Enter 0 (or omit the type argument) when the payment is made at the end of the period and use 1 when it is made at the beginning of the period.

You can use the FV function to calculate the future value of an investment, such as an IRA (Individual Retirement Account).

For example, suppose that you establish an IRA at age 43 and will retire 22 years hence at age 65 and that you plan to make annual payments into the IRA at the beginning of each year. If you assume a rate of return of 8.5 percent a year, you would enter the following FV function in your worksheet:

=FV(8.5%,22,–1000,,1)

Excel then indicates that you can expect a future value of $64,053.66 for your IRA when you retire at age 65. If you had established the IRA a year prior and the account already has a present value of $1,085, you would amend the FV function as follows:

=FV(8.5%,22,–1000,–1085,1)

In this case, Excel indicates that you can expect a future value of $70,583.22 for your IRA at retirement.


You could use an Automatic Outline for numeric data organized into specific groups, just like in the following screen shot for a Sports Equipment Store Expenditure:

Excel Before Outline
To create an Automatic Outline, follow these steps:
1.      Click inside your data
2.      Go to Data>Group and Outline>AutoOutline

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