“By the sky which returns.” (Quran 86:11) “[He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling…” (Quran 2:22) In the first verse God swears by the sky and its function of ‘returning’ without specifying what it ‘returns.’ In Islamic doctrine, a divine oath signifies the magnitude of importance of a special relation to the Creator, and manifests His majesty and the supreme Truth in a special way. The second verse describes the Divine Act that made the sky a ‘ceiling’ for the dwellers of earth. Let us see what modern atmospheric science has to say about the role and function of the sky. The atmosphere is a word which denotes all the air surrounding the earth, from the ground all the way up to the edge from which space starts. The atmosphere is composed of several layers, each defined because of the various phenomena which occur within the layer. This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere...